Simulated vs Genuine Manual Chiropractic Adjustments

Inclusion Criteria

• •No history of stroke or transient ischemic attack or current symptoms including: Dizziness or vertigo; Tinnitus (ringing in the ears); Visual, sensory, or motor disturbances
• •No new pattern headache complaint
• •No recent whiplash injury (within 3 mo)
• •No spinal fractures/dislocations
• •No disc problems with radiating symptoms to the arms or legs
• •No severe degenerative joint disease in the spine
• •No connective tissue disorders
• •No primary fibromyalgia
• •No metabolic or metaplastic bone disease
• •No diagnosed condition that causes fainting during postural changes, such as POTS or orthostatic hypotension
• •No history of cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine surgery
• •No uncontrolled high blood pressure or vascular disease
• •No current use of anticoagulant therapy
• •No current use of short-acting benzodiazepines, including midazolam \& triazolam
• •No change in medications in the past 6 weeks or intentions to change medications during the study
• •Inability to walk unassisted on a treadmill
• •No pacemakers or known heart conditions that influence the electrical or mechanical function of the heart, such as severe heart valve disease
• •Not a DC or a DC student enrolled 4th quarter or above
• •No present, self-reported pregnancy
• •No chiropractic care in the 2 weeks prior to participation
• •Did not participate in the feasibility study for this pilot (Perceptions and experiences following a single session of simulated or genuine high velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) manual chiropractic adjustments)