Cognitive Functional Therapy Versus Exercises for Chronic Shoulder Pain

Exclusion Criteria

• •Individuals will not be included if they have adhesive capsulitis, defined as a loss of more than 50% of passive shoulder range of motion in external rotation; previous shoulder surgery; a history of shoulder fracture; systemic musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia); shoulder pain reproduced by active or passive cervical spine movement; signs of glenohumeral instability identified by a positive sulcus test or a positive apprehension test indicating laxity in the glenohumeral joint; self-reported systemic disease; a positive drop arm test; pregnancy; active cancer treatment; neurological diseases; cognitive impairments; corticosteroid injection within three months prior to the intervention; or physical therapy in the three months preceding the study.
• •Participants will be discontinued from the study if they experience fractures, surgeries, musculoskeletal or neural injuries that prevent access to treatment, or receive corticosteroid injections during the treatment or follow-up period.