OBJECTIVES:
* To assess cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and correlate the results with serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, tumor microvessel density score, tumor prostaglandin E2 (PGE\_2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels, and the major urinary metabolite of PGE\_2, PGE-M.
* To assess the effect of specific COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib) on COX-2 expression within the primary tumor, serum VEGF levels and tumor microvascular density, tumor PGE\_2 and MMP levels, and urinary PGE-M in a cohort of patients with early-stage NSCLC.
OUTLINE: Patients receive oral celecoxib 400 mg twice a day for 5 days in the absence of disease progression or unaccepted toxicity. Patients with early-stage disease then undergo surgery.
Biopsy, serum, and urine samples are obtained at baseline and after celecoxib treatment. The biopsy specimen are examined for the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), PGE\_2, and selected MMPs by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and northern blotting. Serum and urine samples are analyzed for VEGF and PGE-M expression. COX-2 tumor expression is correlated with serum VEGF levels; tumor MMP-2, MMP-9, and PGE\_2 expression; urinary PGE-M and microvessel density scores.
