Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard for vascular access for hemodialysis (HD) with an overall success rate of about 84.0%, designed to improve the effectiveness of dialysis.
Brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF) creation may involve either an end-to-side (ETS) or a side-to-side (STS) anastomotic configuration. The STS technique preserves the distal venous segment and may provide additional usable veins for cannulation. However, continued arterialized flow into the distal venous limb may increase forearm venous pressure, thereby predisposing patients to venous hypertension. In contrast, ETS anastomosis directs blood flow primarily toward the proximal venous outflow, thereby reducing distal venous congestion.
