Protein-energy wasting, sarcopenia, chronic inflammation, and reduced physical function are common complications among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oral nutritional supplementation with high-biological-value protein may improve nutritional status, while prebiotic supplementation may beneficially modulate the gut microbiota and inflammatory response. Exercise has also been shown to improve muscle strength and physical performance.
This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with egg albumin and agave fructans, combined with a structured functional exercise program, compared with oral supplementation alone in adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Participants will be followed for 6 months. Outcomes will include changes in muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical function, handgrip strength, phase angle, inflammatory markers, serum albumin, and health-related quality of life.
