Consecutive adults with an independently established clinical indication for EUS-PPG will be enrolled at five centres. The clinically indicated first measurement will be followed by a research-only second complete measurement set during the same sedation episode, without an intervention between sets. After the first set, the system will be flushed, the needle withdrawn from the liver, the system recalibrated, and the portal and hepatic veins punctured again for fresh triplicate readings. The interval between sets is targeted at 10 minutes or less. Two techniques of withdrawal are allowed. One technique includes transcapsular re-puncture. The needle is flushed and fully retracted from the liver. The other technique includes subcapsular retraction. The needle is flushed and withdrawn into the liver parenchyma to a position immediately beneath the capsule, without crossing it, so that no further capsular puncture is performed. Procedure lists will be cluster-randomised according to examination lists to one of three operator configurations: the same expert performs both sets, two different experts perform the sets, or an expert and a trainee under supervision perform the sets. The order within each pair will be randomised. Clinical decisions will be based exclusively on the first measurement set. Participants will undergo safety follow-up through day 30.
