Age

18–85

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

Refusal to participate or inability to provide informed consent.
Allergy or contraindication to the study local anesthetic.
Coagulopathy or ongoing anticoagulant treatment contraindicating regional anesthesia.
Infection at the planned injection site.
Pre-existing chronic pain condition or regular opioid use.
Inability to communicate pain scores or comply with study assessments.

Effects of SPSIP Block on Perioperative Inflammation and TLR4 in Breast Cancer Surgery