The Effect of Esketamine on Cough Reflex During Tracheal Extubation in Patients Undergoing Open Thyroid Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •Body Mass Index \> 30 kg/m²
• •Patients with unstable ischemic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, poorly controlled or untreated hypertension (arterial hypertension, resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure \>180/100 mmHg)
• •Hepatic or renal dysfunction
• •History of oral, maxillofacial, neck, or airway surgery, or pathological structural alterations
• •Respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma, inflammation, chronic cough)
• •Patients with elevated intracranial pressure
• •Patients undergoing repeat surgery
• •History of allergy to the investigational drug used in the study
• •Patients with psychiatric disorders or alcohol abuse (daily ethanol intake ≥40 g, or having experienced alcohol withdrawal within the past 6 months, or unable to control alcohol consumption)