Lead Sponsor

Choying Lin

Age

All ages

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Orthodontic patients who were going to be treated with cTUN approach for soft tissue modification.
•Healthy periodontal condition or well controlled periodontitis with periodontal probing depth ≦ 3mm, and absence of bleeding on probing.
•Thin gingival phenotype, determined with visible metal shade\[27\]
•Intact clinical and pre-surgery radiographic data (CBCT) was available, and the patient followed the recommended supportive post-surgery treatment at least 6 month after the surgery.
•Informed consent had been obtained prior to the mucogingival surgery.

•Uncontrolled systemic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes.
•Untreated periodontitis
•History of radiation therapy on head and neck regions.
•Heavy smokers (more than 0.5 pack per day).
•Patient with pregnancy or breastfeeding.
•History of mucogingival surgery performed on the same site.
•Patient who did not comply to the recommended supportive treatment was regarded as erratic complier.