Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), which is also known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is defined as the development of AKI following contrast medium exposure, without an alternative aetiology.
Recently, the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) has emerged as a promising target for pharmacological intervention against chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
The nonselective PDE inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methyl xanthine derivative. It's an old drug that exhibits prominent anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic activities both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to its classic indication for intermittent claudication. It has been used primarily to treat patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency.
