Age

18–75

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Female patients aged 18 to 75 years
Pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer
Clinical stage cT1-4a N0-3 M0
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1
Unilateral breast cancer
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%
Hematological and renal function with the following parameters: White blood cell count ≥ 3.0 × 10⁹/L; Neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L; Platelet count ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L; Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L; Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)
No planned breast reconstruction

Tumor invasion of the skin
Diffuse malignant microcalcifications
Breast cancer during pregnancy or lactation
History of another primary malignancy
Severe cardiopulmonary, hepatic or renal dysfunction, or other significant systemic diseases

Endoscopic Skin-Sparing vs. Conventional Mastectomy for Wound Complications in BC