Effects of Nada Yoga Music and Mandala Coloring During Labor on Pain, Anxiety, and Maternal Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria

• •Age ≥18 years
• •No communication barriers
• •Pregnant women admitted to Ağrı Training and Research Hospital for vaginal delivery
• •Willingness to participate in the study
• •No contraindication to normal vaginal delivery (e.g., cephalopelvic disproportion)
• •Term pregnancy (38-42 weeks of gestation)
• •Absence of any chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, hypertension)
• •No condition preventing mandala coloring (e.g., hand or finger injuries, structural impairments)
• •No condition preventing listening to music (e.g., hearing impairment)