Age: Adult patients aged $\\ge$ 18 years.Setting: Patients admitted to the Medicine, Surgery, or Neurology Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wards at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital or Al-Fayhaa General Hospital.Duration of Stay: Patients who have been hospitalized for a minimum of 48 hours (to ensure a baseline for malnutrition screening and medication review).Clinical Conditions: Patients with various primary diagnoses, including specific subgroups with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Alzheimer's Disease.Informed Consent: Patients or their legal guardians (especially for those in the ICU or with cognitive impairment) who provide written or verbal informed consent.
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Maternity/Obstetrics: Pregnant or lactating women, as nutritional requirements and physiological BMI changes differ from the general adult population.
Terminal Illness: Patients in end-of-life or palliative care where nutritional intervention is no longer a clinical goal.
Incomplete Records: Patients with missing medical or medication charts that prevent the accurate identification of Medication-Related Problems (MRPs).
Short Stay: Patients planned for discharge or transfer within less than 48 hours of admission.
Psychiatric Disorders: Patients with primary psychiatric diagnoses that may interfere with the ability to conduct nutritional assessments (unless a guardian is present).
Clareo Health | Assessment of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients: a Quasi Study
