Start4All - Start Taking Action for TB Diagnosis (DARE-TB)

By embedding NPOC swab testing into CBCF strategies in Bangladesh, Cameroon, and Nigeria, this study will generate: * Diagnostic accuracy estimates for NPOC among adults ≥15 years and young adolescents (10-14 years) identified through lung health camps after screening with CAD CXR-AI. * Direct evidence on NPOC use in non-sputum producers in community settings, addressing one of the most pressing gaps highlighted by WHO and national TB programmes. * Feasibility and acceptability insights on integrating NPOC into CBCF algorithms, complementing existing facility-based evidence. * Cost and cost-effectiveness estimate of using NPOC in CBCF. The findings will directly support future WHO guideline development and inform national programme decisions on incorporating NPOC assays into CBCF models to reach populations at greatest risk of being missed by sputum-based approaches.