The Effect of Water Physical Exercise Program in Thermal Water and Hydropinotherapy on Cardiovascular Health

Exclusion Criteria

• •History of chronic or severe diseases that may affect study outcomes or limit study participation, such as:
• •Decompensated cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, or severe liver disease
• •Conditions preventing the ability in physical activity (e.g., severe respiratory issues, reduced mobility, severe arthritis)
• •Severe psychiatric or cognitive disorders that could affect comprehension or adherence to the study
• •Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids
• •Pregnancy or lactation
• •Less than 80% attendance at the 16-week aquatic exercise program