Patients who underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between October 2015 and September 2025
Patients who required otolaryngological consultation due to laryngopharyngeal complaints (including hoarseness, sore throat, cough, choking on drinking water, etc.) postoperatively
The surgical type was non-otolaryngological surgery
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Patients with a history of laryngopharyngeal lesions (e.g., granuloma, polyp, tumour, vocal cord paralysis
Patients with a preexisting tracheotomy
Patients requiring postoperative tracheotomy
Patients with incomplete medical records
Patients who underwent multiple surgeries but for whom the specific surgical episode responsible for the laryngopharyngeal complaints could not be identified
