Study of Oral Uremic Toxin Absorbent/Probiotics to Modulate Systemic Inflammation and Retard the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Diabetes.

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Baseline eGFR \> 90 ml/min/1.73m2 according to MDRD equation.
• •2. Patients in severe malnutrition status, albumin less than 2.0 g/dL.
• •3. Patients in severe anemia or active gastrointestinal bleeding with hemoglobulin \< 8 g/dL.
• •4. Active peptic ulcer, esophageal varices, ileus or under fasting status
• •5. Previous gastrointestinal operation.
• •6. Chronic constipation, as defined with less than 3 bowel movements per week, straining, hard stools.
• •7. Incomplete evacuation and inability to pass stool. If usage of oral laxatives can achieve bowel movement, this patient will not be excluded.
• •8. Patients with major hemorrhage, as defined with acute hemorrhage and requirement of blood transfusion during index admission.
• •9. Patients with a biopsy proved or clinically diagnosed advanced liver cirrhosis, Child classification B or C.
• •10. Solid organ or hematological transplantation recipients.
• •11. Evidence of obstructive kidney injury or polycystic kidney disease.
• •12. Presence or history of malignant neoplasms within the past 5 years prior to the day of screening.
• •13. Patients with Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
• •14. Antibiotics or probiotics treatment within the last 3 months before enrollment and during follow-up period.