Study of Oral Uremic Toxin Absorbent/Probiotics to Modulate Systemic Inflammation and Retard the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Diabetes.
1. Age \> 20 years old but not pregnant on the day of screening.
2. DKD patients with stable renal function (Cre elevation \< 0.3 mg/dL for at least 30 days) and PCS level (fluctuation \< 10% for at least 30 days)
3. Group 1: 120 DKD patients with 45\<eGFR\<60 ml/min/1.73m2 in stable status. Group 2: 120 DKD patients with 30\<eGFR\<45 ml/min/1.73m2 in stable status. Group 3: 60 DKD patients with 15\<eGFR\<30 ml/min/1.73m2 in stable status Group 4: 60 DKD patients with eGFR\<15 ml/min/1.73m2 in stable status
You may not be if
1. Baseline eGFR \> 90 ml/min/1.73m2 according to MDRD equation.
2. Patients in severe malnutrition status, albumin less than 2.0 g/dL.
3. Patients in severe anemia or active gastrointestinal bleeding with hemoglobulin \< 8 g/dL.
4. Active peptic ulcer, esophageal varices, ileus or under fasting status
5. Previous gastrointestinal operation.
6. Chronic constipation, as defined with less than 3 bowel movements per week, straining, hard stools.
7. Incomplete evacuation and inability to pass stool. If usage of oral laxatives can achieve bowel movement, this patient will not be excluded.
8. Patients with major hemorrhage, as defined with acute hemorrhage and requirement of blood transfusion during index admission.
9. Patients with a biopsy proved or clinically diagnosed advanced liver cirrhosis, Child classification B or C.
10. Solid organ or hematological transplantation recipients.
11. Evidence of obstructive kidney injury or polycystic kidney disease.
12. Presence or history of malignant neoplasms within the past 5 years prior to the day of screening.
13. Patients with Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
14. Antibiotics or probiotics treatment within the last 3 months before enrollment and during follow-up period.
Clareo Health | Study of Oral Uremic Toxin Absorbent/Probiotics to Modulate Systemic Inflammation and Retard the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Diabetes.
