The Effect of Peppermint Oil Aromatherapy on Pain, Functional Capacity and Cost in Fibromyalgia Patients

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, often associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The main symptoms of fibromyalgia include widespread body pain, tender points, muscle stiffness, and joint stiffness, but it is also accompanied by insomnia, fatigue, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and difficulty in maintaining daily activities. Fibromyalgia is the third most common musculoskeletal disorder in terms of prevalence after low back pain and osteoarthritis, with prevalence rates ranging from 1.3% to 8.8% depending on the country. Pain can occur at 18 different points on the head, neck, trunk, and extremities, and can increase throughout the day. The presence of chronic and widespread pain leads to fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, helplessness, and mental stress, reducing the quality of life for patients. Additionally, these widespread complaints complicate treatment and increase healthcare costs for patients seeking medical help for fibromyalgia. It is estimated that the total healthcare costs for fibromyalgia patients are three times higher than for other individuals. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used in the treatment of fibromyalgia, and aromatherapy is among these methods. Considering the analgesic effects and safe usage profile of peppermint oil, its effectiveness in pain management for fibromyalgia patients is being evaluated. This study aims to assess the impact of topically applied peppermint oil on chronic pain and functional capacity experienced by fibromyalgia patients, as well as its cost-effectiveness.