Effects of Pelvic Exercises on Birth and Incontinence

Exclusion Criteria

• •Those who have previously given birth vaginally or by cesarean section (multiparous women),
• •Those with multiple pregnancies,
• •Those who conceived through assisted reproductive techniques,
• •Those diagnosed with serious obstetric or medical complications during pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, risk of preterm birth),
• •Those with chronic constipation or cough,
• •Those who are overweight or obese,
• •Those with chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections,
• •Those with a history of psychiatric diagnosis or currently receiving psychiatric treatment,
• •Those with a diagnosis of or treatment for urinary incontinence,
• •Those unable to regularly attend the education sessions or who discontinue the program,