Breathe Hard to Breathe Easy: Online Breathwork-Assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety

Rationale: Clinically significant social anxiety affects a substantial portion of the population (about 13%) and is associated with strong negative feelings of shame, anxiety in social settings, and significant personal, relational and professional impairment. Importantly, recent estimates suggest that between half and one-third of these individuals do not respond to conventional therapies. Recent findings show better treatment outcomes for a variety of mental health conditions when psychological treatments are complemented by sessions during which participants experience altered states of consciousness. In response to the demand for improved treatments for social anxiety, this project aims to investigate the efficacy of a novel treatment approach integrating online therapy with online breathwork sessions designed to induce altered states of consciousness. Objective: The aim is to test online-delivered breathwork-assisted therapy to reduce social anxiety. Study design: The study will be conducted according to a randomized, experimental, between-groups design with two breathwork-assisted therapy interventions. The intervention will consist of a total of 6 sessions including two preparation sessions, two breathwork sessions, and two integration session. Study population: 96 adult individuals with social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale score \> 49). Intervention (if applicable): Breathwork-assisted therapy 1 or breathwork-assisted therapy 2. Main study parameters/endpoints: Primary outcomes will be self-reported levels of social anxiety. Performance and physiological response in a social interaction task will be used as a secondary measure. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Participants will be invited to the lab twice for the administration of behavioral tasks and two more times to participate to the breathwork sessions. Each visit will last about 2 hours. The treatment will run online and includes activities for a total 6.5h. Finally, we estimate a cumulative 1 hour to fill in all questionnaires. The total maximum load per participant is therefore 11.5 hours. Breathwork can produce an increased state of physiological arousal accompanied by elevations in heart rate and blood pressure that are considered safe in appropriately screened individuals. It also produces altered states of consciousness that may, in some cases, be characterized by transient anxiety. Participants may also experience discomfort during the social interaction task. In case the treatment yields the expected results, a potential benefit may be the reduction of social anxiety.