Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital
RenJi Hospital
Age
18–any
Sex
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
Not accepted
You may be eligible if
Pregnant individuals who provide written informed consent
At enrollment, meet one of the following:
1\. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) 2024 thresholds (any one of: fasting plasma glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L, 1-h ≥10.0 mmol/L, or 2-h ≥8.5 mmol/L); or 2. Pre-gestational diabetes (type 1 or type 2) documented prior to pregnancy or meeting diabetes criteria at the first prenatal visit (e.g., fasting ≥7.0 mmol/L, 2-h OGTT ≥11.1 mmol/L, or HbA1c ≥6.5%); or 3. At high risk for GDM, defined a priori as ≥1 of the following: prior GDM; prior macrosomic infant (≥4,000 g); pre-pregnancy BMI ≥24 kg/m²; age ≥45 years; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol \<1 mmol/L, and/or triglyceride levels \>2.8 mmol/L; first-degree family history of diabetes; polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); history of coronary heart disease; chronic hypertension and repeated positive fasting urinary glucose in early pregnancy
Age ≥18 years at the time of consent
Willing and able to attend postpartum assessments (OGTT at 6 weeks, 12 months, and annually thereafter), with planned follow-up ≥3 years
You may not be if
Current or history of illicit drug use or substance abuse
Presence of an active infectious disease, including but not limited to: viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections or tuberculosis
Any other condition which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the subject unsuitable for enrollment in the study
