Development of an Opioid Withdrawal Clinical Outcome Assessment

Participants with opioid use disorder will complete a two sessions in a within-subject study design to compare their responses to withdrawal questions after experiencing naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and following an overnight observation of spontaneous withdrawal. All participants will complete both sessions and the order of sessions will be randomized. The primary outcome will be cognitive interviews, which will be conducted within 8 hours of each observation period ending to query all possible symptoms associated with the withdrawal experience. Participants will be offered referrals to aftercare prior to study discharge and transitions to treatment programs will be facilitated whenever possible.