Age

6–12

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

Children aged 6-12 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Parent or legal guardian provides informed consent and agrees to complete a 1-year follow-up.

History of psychiatric disorders (e.g., PTSD, anxiety disorders), substance abuse, long-term use of steroids or hormonal medications.
Significant cognitive impairment that hinders understanding of study procedures.
Emergency surgery or trauma-related procedures requiring urgent general anesthesia.
Recent (within two weeks) upper respiratory tract infection or severe pulmonary disease.

Clinical Observation and Risk Factor Analysis of the Incidence of Postoperative PTSD in Children