Age

12–21

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Functionally single-ventricle Fontan-palliated patients undergoing clinically indicated cardiac catheterization
Anticipated Fontan stent placement for extracardiac Fontan conduit stenosis at the discretion of the primary operator
Weight ≥ 50 kg
12-21 years of age

Interrupted IVC
Greater than mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation on most recent echocardiogram or MRI (RF \> 20%).
Greater than mild systemic ventricular dysfunction on most recent echo or MRI (EF \< 40%).
Non-sinus rhythm
Pacemaker
Inability to perform exercise test due to developmental or physical disability

Transcatheter Fontan Stenting: Impact on Hepatic Stiffness and Exercise Capacity