MRI-Guided Bladder Preservation Program For Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

HYPOTHESIS The implementation of Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Radiotherapy (MRgRT) into a Bladder Preservation Program maximizes treatment objectives rates due to the better visualization and online dose-adaptation of the TURBT cavity. Rationale In the radiation setting, MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast compared to standard onboard X-ray imaging improving inter- and intra- observer delineation variation (Noel et al., 2015). MRgRT offers the opportunity to adapt the plan at each fraction to the anatomical changes seen (Henke et al., 2018). This is especially important in bladder tumors where bladder is subject to large interfractional position changes as well as intrafractional shape and size variation since the on-board median filling rate is close to 2 ml/min. This requires that intrafraction bladder filling has to be successfully accommodated in order to maintain adequate target coverage (Dees-Ribbers et al., 2014). It is hypothesized therefore that MRgRT facilitates tumor boost and partial bladder irradiation approaches (Hafeez et al., 2016; Vestergaard et al., 2016). MRgRT has been shown to be feasible. Authors reported that the full online adaptive planning workflow based on the anatomy seen at each fraction was delivered within 45 min. Intra-fraction bladder filling did not compromise target coverage. Patients reported acceptable tolerance of treatment (Hunt et al., 2020). Primary Objectives A. To achieve pathological complete response rate in 95% of the patients. B. To decrease urinary grade 3 or greater toxicity below 3% and rectal grade 3 or greater toxicity below 1%. Secondary Objectives A. Determination of blood and urine biomarkers of treatment response and toxicity . B. Determination of radiomics biomarkers of treatment response and toxicity . C. Determination of urinary functionality with IPSS and Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire