Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Age≥18 years old;
Including but not limited to patients requiring TIPS for: acute esophageal/gastric variceal bleeding, portal hypertensive gastropathy, cirrhotic ascites, cirrhotic hydrothorax, hepatorenal syndrome, Budd-Chiari syndrome, atypical portal hypertension, portal vein thrombosis, prevention of recurrent esophageal/gastric variceal bleeding, or prevention of recurrent ectopic variceal bleeding;
Deemed by clinicians to require Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Voluntarily signed informed consent form

Severe right heart failure, congestive heart failure (ejection fraction \<40%), or severe valvular heart disease;
Persistent severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure \>45 mmHg) despite treatment;
Uncontrolled systemic infection or inflammation;
Hepatic encephalopathy stage III-IV;
Presence of cardiac pacemaker, metallic implants, or other conditions susceptible to electromagnetic interference;
Pregnancy or lactation;
Poor visualization of the portal venous system on ultrasound;
Investigator-determined unsuitability for study participation.

Electromagnetic Positioning-Assisted Ultrasound Guidance in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)