The Effect of Different Exercises on Craniovertebral Angle in Individuals With Forward Head Posture

Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural misalignment characterized by the anterior positioning of the head relative to the trunk in the sagittal plane. It is frequently associated with poor ergonomic habits, prolonged screen time, heavy backpack use, and lack of physical activity. This postural deviation can lead to upper cervical hyperextension, lower cervical and upper thoracic flexion, increased muscle tension, and long-term dysfunctions in the musculoskeletal, neurological, and vascular systems. The craniovertebral angle (CVA) is a commonly used and reliable method for evaluating FHP. A CVA less than 50 degrees is considered indicative of forward head posture. Current literature supports the use of exercise interventions to improve CVA and reduce the symptoms associated with postural abnormalities. The McKenzie method is based on directional preference and repetitive movements, aiming to enhance postural awareness and spinal alignment. Standard neck exercises, frequently used in clinical practice, aim to improve muscular balance, cervical alignment, and reduce neck pain. Although both exercise methods have shown individual effectiveness in improving posture and function, few studies have directly compared their effects on both structural and functional outcomes. Additionally, hand grip strength and psychosocial factors are often overlooked, despite their importance in evaluating upper extremity function and overall well-being in individuals with FHP. This randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial aims to compare the short-term effects of McKenzie exercises and standard neck exercises on craniovertebral angle, hand grip strength, and psychosocial status in individuals with forward head posture. The results will contribute to clinical knowledge regarding effective rehabilitation strategies for postural dysfunctions.