1. Patient aged ≥18 years with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, defined by documented histopathology of prostate adenocarcinoma;
2. Castration-resistant prostate cancer, as defined as disease progressing despite castration by orchiectomy or ongoing androgen deprivation therapy;
3. Progressive mCRPC with rising PSA level, defined by PCWG3 criteria (sequence of two rising values above a baseline at a minimum of 1-week intervals, with serum testosterone level ≤ 1.7 nmol/dL);
4. PSA ≥2 ng/mL ;
5. Prior treatment with at least one ARPI;
6. PSMA-expressing cancer, with significant PSMA expression defined as SUVpeak in at least one lesion that is superior to SUVmean of the liver on PSMA-PET (68Ga-PSMA-11 or 18F-DCFPyL), within 45 days prior to randomization;
12. Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L without transfusion in the past 4 weeks;
13. Signed, written informed consent
You may not be if
1. PSMA-PET "superscan" (i.e. extensive/diffuse PSMA-positive bone involvement);
2. Site(s) of disease that are FDG-positive, defined as SUVpeak in at least one lesion that is superior to twice (2x) SUVmean of the liver, and PSMA-negative (as above), within 45 days prior to randomization;
3. Prior treatment with more than two lines of chemotherapy for mHSPC and/or mCRPC (adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not count) towards the maximum of two regimens);
4. Prior radiopharmaceutical therapy;
5. Known CNS metastasis unless they are deemed to be non-progressive, asymptomatic and off corticosteroid therapy for at least four weeks, as per investigator's assessment;
6. Active malignancy other than prostate cancer;
7. Patients who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of barrier contraception;
8. Any other condition, diagnosis or finding that may in the investigator's opinion interfere with trial conduct;
9. Known hypersensitivity to 177Lu-PSMA-617 or to any ingredient in the formulation, including any non-medicinal ingredient, or component of the container.
