Chronic pain after breast cancer surgery is a significant problem that is expected to become more relevant because the number of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery is increasing owing to the longer survival associated with this surgery.
Lidocaine is the local anesthetic, which is used more often, and it is considered the prototype of amino-amide local anesthetics. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective agonist that acts by binding with presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptor and then activating the negative feedback loop of the sympathetic nerve response, leading to inhibited norepinephrine release from the sympathetic terminals and decreased reflex activity of the sympathetic nervous.
