Clinicopathological Features , Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of High Risk Patients of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) encompass a heterogeneous family of rare diseases that originate from fetal trophoblast cells during or after pregnancy. These diseases include benign processes with malignant potential (hydatidiform molar pregnancy) and malignancies including choriocarcinoma (CCA) and intermediate trophoblastic tumors (PSTT, ETT) . GTN more specifically includes hydatidiform molar pregnancies that have undergone malignant transformation, as well as CCA, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) . The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have developed a staging and scoring system for patients with complete and partial hydatidiform molar pregnancies that have undergone malignant transformation and CCA .The scoring system is prognostic and helps guide initial treatment selection: patients with low-risk disease (i.e., a WHO score from 0 to 6) are treated with single-agent methotrexate (MTX) or dactinomycin, while patients with high-risk disease (i.e., a WHO score 7-12) are treated with multiagent regimens and ultra-high risk group; where risk score ≥12are treated with EMA-CO Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, high-risk GTN remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in predicting treatment response and long-term prognosis. Identifying key prognostic factors is crucial to improving therapeutic strategies and optimizing patient outcomes.