Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

1. Anemia due to causes other than chronic kidney disease, such as pernicious anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes.
2. Patients with severe ketosis, diabetic coma, severe infection, perioperative complications, or severe trauma.
3. Patients with acute heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke occurring within 6 months before enrollment in the trial.
4. Patients with current malignancies or a history of malignancy within the past 2 years.
5. Diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia.
6. Patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
7. Pregnant or lactating females.

Impact of Dapagliflozin in Anemic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients