Comparison of Surgeons' Object Discernment Via Their Hands Versus Using a Robotic Surgical System That Does Not Incorporate Haptics

The study design is a non-randomized parallel group study in which a group of surgeons (Group A) will make determinations as to the material within each of four visually identical balloons that contain air, water, petroleum jelly or a firm substance similar to the consistency of a non-ripe banana using their hands and eyes while another group of experienced robotic surgeons (Group B) will do so using the da Vinci Xi System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA). Before making their "hands on" determinations as to balloon contents, each participant will be asked to first determine whether they can visually determine the balloon contents without any manipulation. For the purposes of outcome measurement, only two possible outcomes are considered - namely that the 4 balloons are ordered correctly or not. Investigators will also record each "guess" for all participants in order to report any trends of mis-assortment that may occur.