Effect of Virtual Reality Environment Created in Preoperative Area and Hand Massage on Patient Outcomes

Surgical Anxiety Scale: The scale was developed by Burton et al. in 2018 to assess preoperative anxiety levels. Each item of the 17-item scale is answered between 0 and 5 points. It consists of three sub-dimensions reflecting individuals' health status, recovery process, and anxiety about procedures. Health-related anxiety is calculated by adding the scores given to items 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13; recovery-related anxiety is calculated by adding the scores given to items 2, 14, 16, and 17; and procedure-related anxiety is calculated by adding the scores given to items 1, 3, 4, and 5. The total score of the scale is calculated by adding the scores of all sub-dimensions and the scores of the three items not included in the sub-dimensions. A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 68 points can be obtained from the scale. Although there is no cut-off point for the scale, it can be said that surgical anxiety increases as the total score of the scale increases.