The Efficacy and Safety of Venostan in Promoting Postoperative Swelling Reduction in Patients With Ankle Fractures

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnant or lactating women;
• •With contraindications to surgery;
• •With other severe combined injuries or soft tissue infections;
• •Severe multiple trauma: Injury Severity Score (ISS) \> 16;
• •With concurrent fractures of the spine, pelvis, or ipsilateral or contralateral lower limbs;
• •Pathological fractures;
• •With peripheral vascular disease or deep vein thrombosis (DVT);
• •With severe impairment of heart, lung, liver, or kidney function or abnormal coagulation function;
• •Unable to walk independently before the injury;
• •With pre-existing lower limb edema (e.g., due to liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, etc.) before the injury;
• •With mental disorders or hyperalgesia;
• •Allergic to any component of the investigational drug;
• •Any contraindications that limit clinical evaluation and treatment of the patient;
• •Deemed unsuitable for inclusion in this study by the investigator.