Validity and Reliability of the PhysioMaster Application in Measuring Wrist Range of Motion (ROM) Among Healthy Adults

Measuring Wrist ROM Using the electronic Goniometer The following protocol will be implemented to measure wrist ROM for the enrolled female participants: Wrist Flexion-Extension Testing Position: Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, with the wrist positioned over the edge of a table and the forearm in full pronation. Goniometer Axis: Lateral placement over the triquetrum. Stationary Arm: Aligned with the lateral midline of the ulna, directed toward the olecranon process. Moving Arm: Aligned with the lateral midline of the 5th metacarpal. Wrist Radial-Ulnar Deviation Testing Position: Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, wrist positioned over the edge of a table with the forearm in full pronation. Goniometer Axis: Positioned over the dorsal capitate. Stationary Arm: Aligned with the dorsal midline of the forearm. Moving Arm: Positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the third metacarpal (Surangsrirat et al., 2022). Measurement using the smartphone inclinometer-based application For measurements using the smartphone inclinometer application, the smartphone was placed on the participant's wrist, with elbows and upper arms positioned against a wall and flat along their torsos for each movement. This standardized setup ensured consistent smartphone positioning across all ROM measurements .