AuriculoTherapy NeuroImaging

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. active lesions, skin disruptions, or neuropathy of either ear;
• •2. recent (\<1 month) analgesic procedures or surgery;
• •3. recent (\<1 month) start of new analgesic or psychoactive medication (including marijuana, opioids, tramadol, methadone, gabapentinoids, anti-depressants, anti-epileptics, mood-stabilizers, anti-psychotics, or stimulants);
• •4. history of chronic pain in shoulder or thumb (to avoid confounding at control stimulation points);
• •5. recent (\< 3 months) illicit drug use;
• •6. prior substance misuse/abuse;
• •7. cold-activated diseases (including: agammaglobulinemia, cold urticaria, cold agglutinin disease, cryofibrinogenemia, cryoglobulinemia, immunosuppression, Raynaud's disease, collagen or autoimmune diseases, multiple myeloma, platelet deficiency disorders, pyoderma gangrenosum.)
• •\- MRI-specific exclusions additionally include:
• •8. Pregnancy or active attempts at conception;
• •9. Implanted metal or electronic device;
• •10. severe claustrophobia