Effect of Preoperative Sleep Intervention on Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. History of neurosurgery, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, delirium, dementia, or other neurological diseases.
• •2. History of mental illness.
• •3. Habitual heavy drinking.
• •4. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade IV or above.
• •5. Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh Grade C) or renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease stages 3-4).
• •6. Contraindications to melatonin use, such as allergies to melatonin-related ingredients.
• •7. Currently taking melatonin, melatonin receptor agonists, sleep-related medications, sedatives, antipsychotic medications, or opioids.
• •8. Inability to communicate due to hearing or speech impairment, or refusal to provide informed consent.