Bupivacaine Liposomes or Bupivacaine for CMB on Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery

All participators were randomized into two groups using a complete randomization allocation method: the trial group and the control group. An investigator introduced the study to the study before surgery and informed consent was obtained. The investigators educate patients on how to use the VAS scale to express pain intensity and instruct patients on how to use the postoperative analgesia pump. General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation or laryngeal mask before the nerve block. Standard analgesic protocol: sufentanil (0.5 μg/ kg) + remifentanil (0.1-0.2 μg / kg/min) + flurbiprofen ester (50mg); intravenous analgesia pump (PCIA) or analgesic with opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as needed. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided bilateral costal margin block (CMB). Test group: 20ml bupivacaine liposomes +10ml 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 20ml normal saline, for ultrasound-guided CMB. Control group: 10 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 40ml of normal saline, with ultrasound-guided CMB.