The Use of Virtual Reality Technology During Oocyte Retrieval for in Vitro Fertilization

Background / Rationale Ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (OR) is a short, but oftentimes painful procedure, during which the follicles are punctured trans-vaginally to obtain oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Conscious sedation is the most commonly used method of pain relief, yet several studies have shown that more than half of women report moderate to high levels of pain and up to 7% of women report extreme or unacceptable levels of pain during OR. Psycho-social factors such as anxiety, previous negative experiences with gynecological examinations, and perceived lack of control are important predictors of OR-related pain. This finding is consistent with the multidimensionality of the pain experience. Although several adjuvant therapies have been proposed to reduce psychological stress during ART (assisted reproductive technology) therapy, their impact on the OR experience has been mixed. Virtual reality (VR) allows users to engage in a fully immersive simulated environment using an advanced visual and auditory system. Multimodal stimuli contribute to a sense of actual presence/immersion in the virtual world, thus making the VR experience distinct from passive visual or auditory stimuli. The utility of VR therapy has been explored for numerous health applications, showing positive outcomes in clinical conditions such as dental procedures, burn wound care, colonoscopy, as well as other minor procedures. A recent systematic review of 39 RCTs (randomized clinical trials) concluded that VR's immersive, entertaining effects are useful for redirecting a patient's attention away from painful treatment experiences and reducing anxiety, discomfort, and unpleasantness. Several studies have shown a significant decrease in pain perception and anxiety scores when treated with VR, as measured by anxiety questionnaires, pulse rate reduction, and electroencephalogram changes compared with controls. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published studies that examine the application of VR technology during IVF treatment, particularly with respect to tolerability, patient satisfaction, and pain reduction during oocyte retrieval. Purpose The primary objectives of this pilot study are to evaluate patient acceptance, perceived utility, and adverse effects of VR technology during the oocyte retrieval procedure as measured by validated VR-engagement and anxiety-related questionnaires