Temporally Interfering Electric Field Stimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy

Participants Patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy and a clinical diagnosis of medial temporal epilepsy undergoing invasive intracranial electrophysiology studies will be consented in accord with institutional review boards at Emory University, Saint-Anne University Hospital, and the Institute of Neurosurgery and Neurointervention, Semmelweis University. The determination of medial temporal epilepsy is based on clinical semiology, EEG, PET, MRI, and invasive electrophysiology. Across all centers, patients underwent the stimulation protocols 6 to 10 days post-implantation after patient-specific electric field modeling to determine TIEFS electrode placement. Patients then undergo two sessions of TIEFS on separate days, one sham (aligned carriers), and one active (with an offset in frequency between the carriers to provide a lower-frequency modulation envelope at the anatomical target.