Ultrasonographic Airway Assessment in Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery

A difficult airway in a paediatric patient can be a stressful situation for anaesthesiologists as the most common causes of anaesthesia-related deaths were the result of difficult intubation, which is a more common problem in children than in adults. Ultrasonography is a valuable, promising tool for preoperative airway evaluation through identifying important son anatomy of the upper airway, such as epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and vocal cords. Many studies have shown that some ultrasonic parameters can predict difficult airways in adults, such as tongue thickness, hyomental distance in the extended position (HMDE), distance from skin to epiglottis (DSE), tongue volume, midsagittal tongue cross-sectional area (TCSA), and tongue width. However, whether these parameters can be used to predict difficult laryngoscopy in children is unclear and needs extensive studies