Lead Sponsor

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Age

18 - No limit years

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Volunteering to participate in the research,
•Be over 18 years of age,
•Having a medically diagnosed risky condition during pregnancy (diabetes, hypertension, threat of preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, etc.),
•Compliance with at least one of the criteria in the "Ministry of Health Risk Assessment Form for Pregnancy" in the evaluation of current pregnancy,
•Planning a cesarean delivery,
•Being in the last trimester of pregnancy (28 weeks and above)
•Having a single live fetus,
•To be able to read and write Turkish.

•A diagnosed psychiatric illness,
•Visual, hearing, speech, physical or mental disability,
•Any communication barriers,
•Cardiovascular disease in the pregnant woman and fetus,
•Fetal distress,
•Fetal anomaly,
•Any physical or medical condition that prevents the use of a stress ball,
•Need for urgent intervention before caesarean section according to the physician.

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The Effect of Stress Ball Application on Anxiety and Fetal Heart Rate Before Cesarean Section