A Multimodal Study of the Relationship Between Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Occurrence of Hypospadias - HYPOLLUT

Background. Hypospadias is a birth defect of the external genital organs in boys and it ranks the second most common genital malformation in male newborns, following cryptorchidism. Its prevalence is increasing in certain global regions, with an estimated rate of 3.8 cases per 1000 male births. To date, the exact cause of hypospadias remains unknown, however genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors are likely involved. Medical and surgical treatment may be necessary. Furthermore, hypospadias is correlated with fertility issues and is also linked to testicular cancer. Aim. After ruling out hypospadias with a genetic cause, the aim of this study is to evaluate any significant differences to environmental endocrine disrupting-chemicals (EDCs) exposure between biological mothers of children with hypospadias and those with children without malformation. It aims to demonstrate that this exposure (professional, occupational, environmental) leads to hormonal changes during the neonatal mini-puberty period. Methods. This research will be conducted as a multicenter case-control study: mother and son with isolated anterior or middle hypospadias (Case Group) and mother and son without hypospadias (Control Group). The clinical investigator plans to enroll 200 patients. A single visit will be performed. This consultation is part of the usual follow-up for children in the Case Group, while it is specific to the project for children in the Control Group. During this visit, the investigator: * will establish the diagnosis of hypospadias (for cases) or absence of genital anomaly (for controls) * will lead an interview using a questionnaire and a job-exposure matrix to assess EDCs during pregnancy * will take a hair sample from the mother to measure the substances accumulated during pregnancy * and finally, will take a blood sample from the child for hormonal evaluation of mini-puberty, and another blood sample from child in the Case Group for analysis and the participation in a DNA collection