Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Heart Failure.

CHIP is associated with a pro-inflammatory state and its mechanistic link to HF has been demonstrated in animal and cellular models, and in patient cohorts (14-24). Although HF in humans has various causes, different pathophysiological mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical manifestations, the experimental and clinical data reported so far support the relevance of inflammatory cytokine production and signaling by immune cells in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction and HF.