Assessment of the Efficacy of Microosteoperforations Versus Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin During Orthodontic Leveling and Alignment of Mandibular Incisors

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. An age range from 15 to 25 years.
• •2. Participants who had a full set of permanent dentitions excluding the third molar.
• •3. Participants who had moderate crowding in the mandibular arch according to Little's irregularity index that necessitates non-extraction treatment in the mandibular arch.
• •4. Normal vertical facial proportions.
• •5. Participants who had good oral hygiene and no periodontal disease.
• •6. No systemic diseases or regular medication that could interfere and/or affect orthodontic teeth movement.
• •7. No evidence of craniofacial anomalies, such as clef lip and palate or previous history of trauma, bruxism, or parafunction.
• •8. No tooth size, shape, or root abnormalities visible on patient's radiographic records.