Evaluation of Visual Training System in Patients With Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve and can lead to severe vision loss and blindness. In China, the blindness rate among glaucoma patients is 22.7%, accounting for 8.8% of the total blind population. Among individuals aged 40 and above in urban and rural areas of China, approximately 9.2 million suffer from glaucoma, with 55% experiencing blindness in at least one eye and 18.1% experiencing blindness in both eyes \[1,2\]. Glaucoma patients may experience severe impairment in visual function, leading to significant limitations in vision-related activities such as mobility and visual searching. This has a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) of patients, increasing the burden on individuals, families, and society. Vision Rehabilitation (VR) is an integral component of the eye care continuum, spanning from diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation \[3\]. It aims to assist visually impaired patients in maximizing their remaining vision, facilitating easier performance of daily activities, promoting independence, and enhancing quality of life (QOL). However, for glaucoma patients with visual field defects, traditional methods such as inverted telescopes and prism glasses are plagued by shortcomings such as unattractive appearance, bulkiness, blurred visual quality, and challenges in adaptation. Perceptual Learning (PL) is a novel rehabilitation approach aimed at enhancing visual performance through intensified practice of visual tasks. Many studies have shown that visual perceptual training can improve visual function in patients with different types of amblyopia or presbyopia, as the nervous system exhibits significant neuroplasticity \[4-6\]. However, there is limited research on visual perceptual training in visual rehabilitation for glaucoma. Therefore, this study intends to conduct visual function examinations and follow-ups on two groups of glaucoma patients, one receiving visual perceptual training and the other serving as a control without training. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of visual perceptual training based on the lateral masking paradigm on patients' visual function. Additionally, synchronized EEG-fNIRS signals will be collected to investigate whether changes in patients' visual function are accompanied by corresponding alterations in brain function.