Addressing Health Disparities in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) in Maryland

This proposal responds to an established need for developing an evidence-based and community-informed approach to address health disparities in specialty surgical clinics where barriers to accessing care are multiplied along each level of the referral pathway. The study will focus on Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) related care - a clinical syndrome characterized excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain resulting in symptoms of falls, dementia, and urinary incontinence, that is treated surgically by shunting to remove excess fluid from the brain. This disorder afflicts an estimated about 750,000 Americans, and prevalence increases with age. Limited information regarding racial and socioeconomic contributing factors associated with diagnosis and treatment is available. Studies show NPH goes underdiagnosed in the USA. In the first part of the study the investigators will estimate NPH prevalence, the health equity gap in Baltimore and greater Maryland (MD), the health equity gap based on Zip Code as a marker of sociodemographic community status, and the health equity gap based on race, looking at the Black community, which comprises over 60% of the Baltimore and 30% in MD population. In the second part of the study, the investigators will develop three layers of interventions that involve educational elements about NPH and evaluate which provides the most benefit including referrals to NPH related care. 1) Patients identified from the first part of the study with possible NPH symptoms will receive intervention 2) Patients, and the Primary Care Providers (PCPs) receive intervention, and 3) patients, and PCP receive intervention and with additional community health workers (CHWs) assisting providers with managing the patient care including referrals, addressing socioeconomic barriers, transportation to receive care. The success of these interventions will be evaluated by short-term outcomes such as referrals to specialists including neurologists and neurosurgeons every 6 months, and long-term outcomes such as healthcare utilization including screening for shunt surgery within 12 months. This study aims to identify racial disparities in access to NPH care and intervention outcomes will evaluate the effect of different interventions on reducing racial disparities and to help developing a referral system to address the needs of most vulnerable population and Zip Codes in Baltimore and greater MD. Using the results of this study will help to identify gaps, understand the best intervention, and develop intervention strategies not only for NPH but potentially other surgical areas.