Retinal Vessel Leakage in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of stroke and dementia. The molecular causes are unclear, limiting new therapies. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is characteristic and may damage brain tissue. However, specialist MRI scans to measure BBB breakdown are expensive and time-consuming. In contrast, measuring leakage from retinal blood vessels is relatively simple. The blood-retina barrier is very similar to the BBB, and SVD is likely to damage retinal and brain blood vessels in the same way. If so, then retinal angiography could be used to study SVD pathogenesis and measure the effect of new treatments with much greater resolution and lower cost than MRI. We have three aims: 1. Test the feasibility of fluorescein angiography in people with SVD 2. Discover if retinal vessel leakage occurs people with SVD 3. Discover whether the severity of retinal vessel leakage is associated with clinical features of SVD We will recruit participants from a well-established cohort of people with SVD - the Mild Stroke Study 3 (MSS3).