Effect of Abdominal Massage Versus Visceral Manipulation on Constipation

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnancy.
• •Having comorbidities (chronic pelvic pain, neurological (Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord lesion, etc.), metabolic / endocrine (diabetes mellitus, hypercalcemia, hypothyroid, etc.), cardiorespiratory diseases
• •Health problems which may prevent standing from sitting, walking (orthopedic, neurological, cardiorespiratory, etc.)
• •Malignancy, acute inflammation, intestinal tumor
• •History of gastrointestinal and pelvic surgery or spinal surgery other than cholecystectomy, appendectomy, or hysterectomy
• •Visual, auditory or cognitive problems which may prevent participation to the study.
• •Tumor, presence of skin problems in the application area
• •Presence of laxative use for functional constipation in the last four weeks or patients on laxative therapy.
• •Alarm symptoms (unexplained, more than 10% weight loss in 3 months, hemorrhoids and anal fissures, rectal bleeding, family history of colon cancer)