1. absence of postoperative follow-up or anastomosis details;

2. patients subjected to Hartmann or Miles procedures;

3. emergency surgery candidates due to conditions like perforation or obstruction;

4. diagnosis of multiple primary malignancies;

5. intraoperative discovery of widespread implant metastases within the abdominal cavity;

6. severe comorbidities;

7. anastomotic recurrence of rectal cancer;

8. patients who had undergone stapled hemorrhoidopexy

A Prediction Model of Anastomotic Stricture After Rectal Cancer